{"id":237,"date":"2021-09-30T05:50:39","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T05:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crewinc.com.au\/irap\/?page_id=237"},"modified":"2022-12-23T04:56:12","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T04:56:12","slug":"tunnels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/tunnels\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunnels"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"237\" class=\"elementor elementor-237\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5bd4215 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"5bd4215\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3396152\" data-id=\"3396152\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc5b832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fc5b832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06ae8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b06ae8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"677\" height=\"79\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rectangle-6612.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-94\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rectangle-6612.png 677w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rectangle-6612-300x35.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6350325 elementor-widget elementor-widget-raven-search-form\" data-id=\"6350325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"raven-search-form.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"raven-search-form raven-search-form-classic\" method=\"get\" action=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/\" role=\"search\" data-trp-original-action=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-search-form-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-search-form-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"elementor-screen-only\" for=\"raven-search-form-input\">Recherche<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input id=\"raven-search-form-input\" class=\"raven-search-form-input\" type=\"search\" name=\"s\" placeholder=\"Chercher...\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"raven-search-form-button raven-search-form-button-svg\" type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Recherche\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"fr\"\/><\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6bfb42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6bfb42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c418a4\" data-id=\"5c418a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe3d52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"6fe3d52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"1049\" class=\"elementor elementor-1049\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40dd03b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40dd03b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25e071d5\" data-id=\"25e071d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a505fe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a505fe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/bike-pddbssjkumawvux2dcr2ftmtjpfdhyknhink2oyl8g.png\" title=\"Bicyclette\" alt=\"bike\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db0db22 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"db0db22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-db0db22\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5139\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Utilisateurs <br \/>de route<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/pedestrians\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1109\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/bicyclists-and-light-mobility\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Cyclistes et mobilit\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/motorcyclists\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Motocyclistes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/car-occupants\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Occupants De Voitures<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1113\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/public-transport-vehicles\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">V\u00e9hicules de transport public<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1110\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/heavy-vehicles\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">V\u00e9hicules lourds<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-db0db22\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5139\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Utilisateurs <br \/>de route<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/pedestrians\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1109\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/bicyclists-and-light-mobility\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cyclistes et mobilit\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/motorcyclists\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Motocyclistes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/car-occupants\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Occupants De Voitures<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1113\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/public-transport-vehicles\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">V\u00e9hicules de transport public<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1110\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-users\/heavy-vehicles\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">V\u00e9hicules lourds<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-141df0ec\" data-id=\"141df0ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48776c74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"48776c74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/accident-pddbsrlqns9mk8yfiucfvbvcybk0a9gx5e02lezzeo.png\" title=\"accident\" alt=\"accident\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7afb83 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"b7afb83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-b7afb83\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5138\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Type d&#039;accident<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1059\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/pedestrian\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Pi\u00e9ton<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1054\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/bicyclist-and-light-mobility\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Cycliste et Mobilit\u00e9 L\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1055\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/head-on\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">De front<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1056\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/intersections\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersections<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1104\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/run-off-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Courir hors route<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1060\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/rear-end\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 arri\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1057\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/lane-change\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Changement de voie<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1058\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/manoeuvring\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Man\u0153uvrer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-b7afb83\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5138\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Type d&#039;accident<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1059\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/pedestrian\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Pi\u00e9ton<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1054\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/bicyclist-and-light-mobility\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cycliste et Mobilit\u00e9 L\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1055\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/head-on\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">De front<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1056\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/intersections\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersections<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1104\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/run-off-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Courir hors route<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1060\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/rear-end\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 arri\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1057\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/lane-change\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Changement de voie<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1058\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/crash-type\/manoeuvring\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Man\u0153uvrer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6eb2ff86\" data-id=\"6eb2ff86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30b15ea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30b15ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/road-pddbssjkumawvux2dcr2ftmtjpfdhyknhink2oyl8g.png\" title=\"route\" alt=\"road\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11553c1 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"11553c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-11553c1\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5137\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Types de route<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1089\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/streets\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Des rues<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/distributors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Distributeurs<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1107\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/highways\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Autoroutes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1108\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/motorways\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Autoroutes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1090\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/tunnels\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Tunnels<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-11553c1\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5137\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Types de route<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1089\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/streets\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Des rues<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/distributors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Distributeurs<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1107\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/highways\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Autoroutes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1108\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/motorways\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Autoroutes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1090\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/road-types\/tunnels\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tunnels<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29bb8303\" data-id=\"29bb8303\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7887d781 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7887d781\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/warning-sign-pddbsthf1gc77gvp7v5p0bea53aqpnodtnb1jyx728.png\" title=\"panneau d&#039;avertissement\" alt=\"warning sign\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4c7e40 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f4c7e40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f4c7e40\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5134\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Traitements<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"safer-people-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5141\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Des personnes plus s\u00fbres<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1699\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/safe-speed\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Vitesse de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1115\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/addressing-alcohol-and-other-drugs\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Lutter contre l&#039;alcool et les autres drogues<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1116\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/child-safety-initiatives\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Initiatives pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des enfants<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1117\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/education\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u00c9ducation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1693\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/emergency-response\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9ponse d&#039;urgence<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1694\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/enforcement\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Mise en vigueur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1695\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/fatigue-management\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Gestion de la fatigue<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1696\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/helmets-and-protective-clothing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Casques et v\u00eatements de protection<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1697\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/licensing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Licence<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1698\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/publicity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Publicit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1700\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/seatbelts\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Ceinture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5142\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Route plus s\u00fbre<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9072\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Notions<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2038\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/self-explaining-road-ser-concept\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Concept de route auto-explicatif (SER)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2037\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/forgiving-roads-concept\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Concept de routes indulgentes<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9073\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Intersections<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1713\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-delineation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersection \u2013 D\u00e9limitation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1124\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-grade-separation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersection \u2013 D\u00e9nivel\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1125\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-roundabout\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersection \u2013 Rond-point<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1126\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-signalise\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersection \u2013 Signalisation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1127\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersections-turn-lanes-signalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersections \u2013 Voies de virage (signalis\u00e9es)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1128\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersections-turn-lanes-unsignalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Intersections \u2013 Voies de virage (non signal\u00e9es)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1130\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/median-crossing-upgrade\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Mise \u00e0 niveau du franchissement m\u00e9dian<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/railway-crossing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Passage \u00e0 niveau<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9074\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Bloc interm\u00e9diaire<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1122\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/delineation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">D\u00e9limitation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1123\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/duplication\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Reproduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1121\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/central-turning-lane-full-length\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Voie de virage centrale sur toute la longueur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1120\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/central-hatching-wide-centrelines\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Hachures centrales \u2013 Lignes m\u00e9dianes larges<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1129\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/lane-widening\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u00c9largissement de voie<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1726\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/median\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">M\u00e9dian<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/one-way-network\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9seau \u00e0 sens unique<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/parking-improvements\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Am\u00e9liorations du stationnement<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1141\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/regulate-roadside-commercial-activity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9glementer l&#039;activit\u00e9 commerciale en bordure de route<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/realignment-horizontal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9alignement \u2013 Horizontal<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1140\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/realignment-vertical\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9alignement \u2013 Vertical<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1142\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/restrict-combine-direct-access-points\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Restreindre\/combiner les points d&#039;acc\u00e8s direct<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/skid-resistance\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9sistance au d\u00e9rapage<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1119\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/overtaking-lane-and-2-plus-1-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Voie de d\u00e9passement et route 2+1<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/road-surface-rehabilitation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">R\u00e9habilitation de la surface de la route<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/service-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Voie de service<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/sight-distance-obstruction-removal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Distance de vue (\u00e9limination d&#039;obstruction)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/street-lighting\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">L&#039;\u00e9clairage des rues<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9075\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Bords de route<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/paved-shoulder\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u00c9paule pav\u00e9e<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1144\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/roadside-safety-barriers\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 Barri\u00e8res<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2023\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/roadside-safety-hazard-removal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 \u00c9limination des dangers<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/sideslope-improvements\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 Am\u00e9liorations des talus<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/rumble-strips\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Bandes rugueuses<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9076\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Usagers vuln\u00e9rables de la route<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/bicycle-facilities\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Installations pour v\u00e9los<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1131\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/motorcycle-lanes\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Voies de moto<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1135\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-grade-separation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 D\u00e9nivel\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1136\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-signalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 Signalis\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2009\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-unsignalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 Non signal\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-raised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 sur\u00e9lev\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2018\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-fencing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Cl\u00f4ture pour pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2013\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-footpath\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Sentier pi\u00e9ton<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-refuge-island\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u00cele du refuge pour pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4025\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/road-works-safety\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travaux routiers<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2033\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/school-zones\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Zones scolaires<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2034\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/speed-management-and-traffic-calming\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Gestion de la vitesse et apaisement du trafic<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"safer-vehicle-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5143\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">V\u00e9hicule plus s\u00fbr<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1705\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/motor-vehicle-standards\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Normes relatives aux v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1701\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/new-car-assessment-programs-ncap\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Programmes d&#039;\u00e9valuation des voitures neuves (NCAP)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1702\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/safety-features-and-devices\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Fonctionnalit\u00e9s et dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1703\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/used-car-safety-ratings\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Cotes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des voitures d&#039;occasion<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1704\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/vehicle-roadworthiness\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Contr\u00f4le technique du v\u00e9hicule<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f4c7e40\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5134\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Traitements<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"safer-people-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5141\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Des personnes plus s\u00fbres<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1699\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/safe-speed\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Vitesse de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1115\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/addressing-alcohol-and-other-drugs\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Lutter contre l&#039;alcool et les autres drogues<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1116\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/child-safety-initiatives\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Initiatives pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des enfants<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1117\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/education\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00c9ducation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1693\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/emergency-response\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9ponse d&#039;urgence<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1694\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/enforcement\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mise en vigueur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1695\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/fatigue-management\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Gestion de la fatigue<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1696\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/helmets-and-protective-clothing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Casques et v\u00eatements de protection<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1697\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/licensing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Licence<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1698\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/publicity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Publicit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1700\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-people-treatments\/seatbelts\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Ceinture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5142\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Route plus s\u00fbre<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9072\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Notions<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2038\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/self-explaining-road-ser-concept\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Concept de route auto-explicatif (SER)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2037\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/forgiving-roads-concept\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Concept de routes indulgentes<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9073\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersections<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1713\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-delineation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersection \u2013 D\u00e9limitation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1124\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-grade-separation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersection \u2013 D\u00e9nivel\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1125\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-roundabout\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersection \u2013 Rond-point<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1126\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersection-signalise\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersection \u2013 Signalisation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1127\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersections-turn-lanes-signalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersections \u2013 Voies de virage (signalis\u00e9es)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1128\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/intersections-turn-lanes-unsignalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Intersections \u2013 Voies de virage (non signal\u00e9es)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1130\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/median-crossing-upgrade\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mise \u00e0 niveau du franchissement m\u00e9dian<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/railway-crossing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Passage \u00e0 niveau<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9074\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bloc interm\u00e9diaire<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1122\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/delineation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">D\u00e9limitation<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1123\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/duplication\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Reproduction<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1121\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/central-turning-lane-full-length\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Voie de virage centrale sur toute la longueur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1120\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/central-hatching-wide-centrelines\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Hachures centrales \u2013 Lignes m\u00e9dianes larges<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1129\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/lane-widening\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00c9largissement de voie<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1726\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/median\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">M\u00e9dian<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1132\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/one-way-network\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9seau \u00e0 sens unique<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1133\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/parking-improvements\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Am\u00e9liorations du stationnement<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1141\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/regulate-roadside-commercial-activity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9glementer l&#039;activit\u00e9 commerciale en bordure de route<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1139\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/realignment-horizontal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9alignement \u2013 Horizontal<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1140\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/realignment-vertical\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9alignement \u2013 Vertical<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1142\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/restrict-combine-direct-access-points\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Restreindre\/combiner les points d&#039;acc\u00e8s direct<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/skid-resistance\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9sistance au d\u00e9rapage<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1119\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/overtaking-lane-and-2-plus-1-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Voie de d\u00e9passement et route 2+1<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/road-surface-rehabilitation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">R\u00e9habilitation de la surface de la route<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1146\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/service-road\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Voie de service<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/sight-distance-obstruction-removal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Distance de vue (\u00e9limination d&#039;obstruction)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/street-lighting\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">L&#039;\u00e9clairage des rues<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9075\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bords de route<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/paved-shoulder\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00c9paule pav\u00e9e<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1144\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/roadside-safety-barriers\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 Barri\u00e8res<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2023\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/roadside-safety-hazard-removal\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 \u00c9limination des dangers<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/sideslope-improvements\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re \u2013 Am\u00e9liorations des talus<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/rumble-strips\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bandes rugueuses<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9076\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Usagers vuln\u00e9rables de la route<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/bicycle-facilities\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Installations pour v\u00e9los<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1131\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/motorcycle-lanes\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Voies de moto<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1135\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-grade-separation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 D\u00e9nivel\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1136\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-signalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 Signalis\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2009\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-unsignalised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 Non signal\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-crossing-raised\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Passage pour pi\u00e9tons \u2013 sur\u00e9lev\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2018\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-fencing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cl\u00f4ture pour pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2013\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-footpath\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Sentier pi\u00e9ton<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/pedestrian-refuge-island\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00cele du refuge pour pi\u00e9tons<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4025\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/road-works-safety\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travaux routiers<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2033\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/school-zones\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Zones scolaires<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"safer-road-treatments-l2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2034\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-road-treatments\/speed-management-and-traffic-calming\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Gestion de la vitesse et apaisement du trafic<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"safer-vehicle-treatments-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5143\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">V\u00e9hicule plus s\u00fbr<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1705\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/motor-vehicle-standards\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Normes relatives aux v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1701\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/new-car-assessment-programs-ncap\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Programmes d&#039;\u00e9valuation des voitures neuves (NCAP)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1702\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/safety-features-and-devices\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Fonctionnalit\u00e9s et dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1703\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/used-car-safety-ratings\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cotes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des voitures d&#039;occasion<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1704\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/safer-vehicle-treatments\/vehicle-roadworthiness\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contr\u00f4le technique du v\u00e9hicule<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-406011c7\" data-id=\"406011c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b11ea48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b11ea48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/person-pddbssjkumawvux2dcr2ftmtjpfdhyknhink2oyl8g.png\" title=\"personne\" alt=\"person\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d49bcc7 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"d49bcc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-d49bcc7\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5136\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Gestion<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1106\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/safe-system-approach\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Approche du syst\u00e8me s\u00fbr<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2036\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/road-safety-plans\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Plans de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1085\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/goals-targets-and-indicators\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Objectifs, cibles et indicateurs<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1105\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/road-safety-data\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1084\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/crash-costing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Co\u00fbt de l&#039;accident<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3666\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/multimodal-transport-and-land-use-planning\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Transport multimodal et am\u00e9nagement du territoire<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1690\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/building-capacity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3635\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/collaboration\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3626\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/stakeholder-engagement\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Engagement des parties prenantes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1086\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/infrastructure-safety-management-tools\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Outils de gestion de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des infrastructures<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2441\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/reference-materials\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Mat\u00e9riel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11605\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/safer-roads-resource-sharing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Partage des ressources pour des routes plus s\u00fbres<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-d49bcc7\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5136\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Gestion<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1106\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/safe-system-approach\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Approche du syst\u00e8me s\u00fbr<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2036\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/road-safety-plans\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Plans de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1085\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/goals-targets-and-indicators\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Objectifs, cibles et indicateurs<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1105\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/road-safety-data\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1084\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/crash-costing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Co\u00fbt de l&#039;accident<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3666\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/multimodal-transport-and-land-use-planning\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Transport multimodal et am\u00e9nagement du territoire<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1690\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/building-capacity\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3635\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/collaboration\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3626\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/stakeholder-engagement\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Engagement des parties prenantes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1086\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/infrastructure-safety-management-tools\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Outils de gestion de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des infrastructures<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2441\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/reference-materials\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mat\u00e9riel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11605\"><a href=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/management\/safer-roads-resource-sharing\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Partage des ressources pour des routes plus s\u00fbres<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61088a5 breadcrumbs-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61088a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6437d3\" data-id=\"b6437d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16fda3b elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-raven-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"16fda3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"raven-breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-breadcrumbs raven-breadcrumbs-default\"><div class=\"breadcrumb\">\t\t\t\t<div class=\"breadcrumb-item active\" aria-current=\"page\"><span>Domicile<\/span><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3873ca46 road-types-content-container elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3873ca46\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31132864\" data-id=\"31132864\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ebb3d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18ebb3d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tunnel<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ddbddd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"30ddbddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e0e6e97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e0e6e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les tunnels peuvent \u00eatre des autoroutes, des routes ou des rues qui se trouvent dans un environnement clos avec un espace minimal.<\/strong><\/p><p>Ils sont souvent construits \u00e0 travers des strates g\u00e9ologiques en montagne, souterraines ou sous-marines, mais il peut aussi s&#039;agir de structures creuses pos\u00e9es \u00e0 ciel ouvert ou sur un fond marin. Les tunnels peuvent \u00eatre des installations isol\u00e9es ou se pr\u00e9senter sous la forme d&#039;une s\u00e9quence de tunnels.<\/p><p>Les tunnels sur routes divis\u00e9es sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement fournis dans des tubes s\u00e9par\u00e9s pour un trafic unidirectionnel. Sur les routes non divis\u00e9es, les tunnels sont construits en un seul tube pour un trafic bidirectionnel.<\/p><p>Les crashs dans les tunnels sont diversifi\u00e9s. En plus des pannes et des collisions rencontr\u00e9es sur les routes ouvertes, les tunnels sont sensibles aux incendies, aux d\u00e9versements, aux embouteillages, aux inondations et aux v\u00e9hicules trop hauts. En raison des difficult\u00e9s de gestion des incidents et des cons\u00e9quences catastrophiques potentielles, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des tunnels met l&#039;accent sur la pr\u00e9vention des incidents, une r\u00e9ponse rapide et la limitation des cons\u00e9quences secondaires. Par cons\u00e9quent, l&#039;exploitation des tunnels est plus exigeante que celle des routes ouvertes. Les installations du tunnel n\u00e9cessitent \u00e9galement un niveau d&#039;entretien plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p><p>Les tunnels et leurs abords devraient avoir un alignement horizontal relativement g\u00e9n\u00e9reux, exempt de courbes prononc\u00e9es et de pentes abruptes. Les tunnels modernes peuvent avoir des intersections d\u00e9nivel\u00e9es, mais cela n\u00e9cessite une conception de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e. Des dispositions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 devraient \u00eatre pr\u00e9vues en fonction du type de route, du type de tunnel, du volume de trafic et de la composition des v\u00e9hicules. Les tunnels de plus de 500 m de longueur n\u00e9cessitent une attention particuli\u00e8re en termes de gestion du trafic et d&#039;intervention d&#039;urgence. Les dispositions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 typiques comprennent les aires de stationnement, les aires de stationnement, les passages pour v\u00e9hicules, les passages pour pi\u00e9tons, les postes d&#039;urgence, les passerelles, les sorties d&#039;\u00e9vacuation, les installations de demi-tour, les passages \u00e0 niveau pour le personnel d&#039;exploitation, etc.<\/p><p>La signalisation pour les tunnels doit \u00eatre syst\u00e9matique et inclure des panneaux d&#039;information, des panneaux sur les r\u00e8gles de conduite, des panneaux pour les installations d&#039;urgence et l&#039;\u00e9vacuation ainsi que des panneaux et signaux \u00e0 messages variables, des barri\u00e8res, etc. L&#039;\u00e9clairage des tunnels est n\u00e9cessaire pour permettre au trafic d&#039;approcher, d&#039;entrer, de circuler \u00e0 travers et \u00e0 la sortie d&#039;un tunnel ou d&#039;installations similaires en douceur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41076ac7\" data-id=\"41076ac7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f815868 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f815868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tudes de cas<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1d0fff elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e1d0fff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c13d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5c13d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"frm_no_entries\">Aucune \u00e9tude de cas connexe n&#039;a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3746975 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-7736 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3746975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"\/fr\/case-studies\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-double-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Voir toutes les \u00e9tudes de cas<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f160070 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"f160070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d384ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d384ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5572306\" data-id=\"5572306\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b03a6d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b03a6d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf08dab\" data-id=\"bf08dab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8f9554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8f9554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Images connexes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d0b4e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"65d0b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b04e6ae elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8509 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b04e6ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/irap.kontainer.com\/shared\/ul4DXafe2bAo8fXGjB6QGyd3W1pCO2np\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Voir toutes les images li\u00e9es au type de route ici<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-347c0df elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"347c0df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-7183\" style=\"width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-105-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-7183 ml-slider has-dots-nav has-carousel-mode ms-theme-default\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"4.Tunnels de type routier\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"370\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_7183\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_7183\">\n            <ul class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-9916 ms-image\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2022-02-16 01:15:17\" data-filename=\"Atal-Tunnel-Rohtang.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-Tunnel-Rohtang.jpg\" class=\"slider-7183 slide-9916 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"Tunnel d&#039;Atal Rohtang\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-Tunnel-Rohtang.jpg 700w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-Tunnel-Rohtang-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-Tunnel-Rohtang-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Tunnel ATAI - Rohtang. Cr\u00e9dit image : Inconnu<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-9917 ms-image\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2022-02-16 01:15:17\" data-filename=\"Atal-tunnel.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel.jpg\" class=\"slider-7183 slide-9917 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"Atal-tunnel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Atal-tunnel-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Tunnel d&#039;Atal, Inde. Cr\u00e9dit image : Inconnu<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-9918 ms-image\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2022-02-16 01:15:17\" data-filename=\"Expressway-Tunnel-entrance-in-China.png\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Expressway-Tunnel-entrance-in-China.png\" class=\"slider-7183 slide-9918 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"Entr\u00e9e du tunnel de l&#039;autoroute en Chine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Expressway-Tunnel-entrance-in-China.png 602w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Expressway-Tunnel-entrance-in-China-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Expressway-Tunnel-entrance-in-China-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Entr\u00e9e du tunnel de l&#039;autoroute en Chine. Cr\u00e9dit image : Greg Smith<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-9919 ms-image\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2022-02-16 01:15:17\" data-filename=\"Tunnel-example-2-scaled.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-scaled.jpg\" class=\"slider-7183 slide-9919 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"Tunnel exemple 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-example-2-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Entr\u00e9e du tunnel, Chine. Cr\u00e9dit image : Greg Smith<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-9920 ms-image\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2022-02-16 01:15:17\" data-filename=\"Tunnel-Example-scaled.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-scaled.jpg\" class=\"slider-7183 slide-9920 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"Exemple de tunnel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Tunnel-Example-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Tunnel. Cr\u00e9dit image : Inconnu\n<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a43d37 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a43d37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a562a61\" data-id=\"a562a61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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src=\"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK.jpg\" alt=\"UK\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tunnels\u200b Tunnels may be motorways, roads or streets that are in an enclosed environment of minimal room. They are often constructed through geological strata in mountains, underground or undersea, but they may also be hollow structures laid in open cut or on a seabed. Tunnels may be isolated facilities or in the form of a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":227,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-237","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10913,"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/237\/revisions\/10913"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toolkit.irap.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}